2014年上半年西藏自治区公路工程质量状况分析报告
?????? ??????? | |
---|---|
???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ? ???????? | |
![]() | |
?????? | ???????? ?????? ?????? |
?????? | ??°??′??″????? ??°??′??″????? / ??????????°????? ?????????°???? |
????? | ?? ????? ???? |
???? ???? | ??????/????? ????????? |
??????? | ????? ??? ????? ???????[?] |
??????? | ????? ?? ??????? ????[?] |
?????? | ?????????? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????[?] |
?????? | ?????? ????–????? ?????? ??? ?????? |
??????? |
|
?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????.[?] ?? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????. ???? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????.
??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????. ??????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ? ?????? ?? ?? ??????.
?????? ?? ??????? ?? ????????? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????.[?] ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????????? ????? ???? ???.[?]
????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ? ?????????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????????: ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??. ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ???? ????????. ??? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ????????? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ?????????. ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??.
??????
[??????]????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????.[?] ?? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????.[?] ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? [?? ????? ????] ??????. ????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????. ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????.[?]
?????? ????? IPN? ?? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ????.[?] ???? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????????? ? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?? NKVD ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????????? ?? ?????.[?] ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????????? ?? ??? ??? ?????????? ????.[??]
??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???? ? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ????? ?? ???????. ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ? ????? ????? ???? ??? ? ??? ???? ????? ? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ???? ????.[??] ????? ?????????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????????? (?? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ???) ?? ??? ??? ?????:
??????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???????. ????? ???? ????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???. ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ????????? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ? ??? ???? ????????? ? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ? ?????? ???????. ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???????? - ???????. ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???. ??? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ? ????? ??? ???? ? shochet [???? ????] ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????. ??????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???????. ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ????. ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????. ??? ???? ? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????. ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ? ?? ??? ??????. ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ????????.[??]
???? ??–?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???? ? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ? ??? ?? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????.[?] ??? ????? ??????? ??????????? ? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????????.[?] ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????. ????? ??? ???? ??? ? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????.[??] ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????. ?? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??????.[??]
????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????. ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??.[?] ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????. ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????????? ?? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???????.[??]
????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????????. ?????? ?????????????? ?? ???? ?????????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????.[?][??]
???????? ??????
[??????]?????
[??????]- ↑ ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? Ignatiew 2002.
- ↑ "Pogrom in Jedwabne: Course of Events". POLIN, Museum of the History of Polish Jews. Archived from the original on 29 September 2019. Retrieved 9 December 2020.
- ↑ (Gross 2001? ??. 14–20); (Stola 2003); (Persak 2011).
- ↑ (Persak 2011)
- ↑ Bikont 2015, pp. 9–31.
- ↑ Persak 2011, pp. 412–413.
- ↑ Gross 2001, p. 18.
- ↑ ??? ??? (Persak 2011? ?. 412)
- ↑ Gross 2001, p. 75.
- ↑ Gross 2001, pp. 46–47.
- ↑ (Ignatiew 2002)? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ???? (Persak 2011? ?. 412).
- ↑ (Wasersztajn 1945), quoted in (Gross 2001? ??. 19–20).
- ↑ (Wasersztajn 1945), quoted in (Gross 2001? ??. 19–20).
- ↑ Persak 2011, p. 429, n. 12.
- ↑ Musial 2003, p. 325.
- ↑ Maik, Michael; Ben-Dov, Avigdor; Ben-Dov, Laia (2004). Deliverance. The diary of Michael Maik: A True Story (?? ???????). Avigdor and Laia Ben-Dov. pp. 38–39. ISBN 9789659070107.
??????????
- Baker, Julius; Tzinovitz, Moshe (1980). "My Hometown Yedwabne, Province of Lomza, Poland". In Baker, Julius; Baker, Jacob (eds.). Yedwabne: History and Memorial Book. Jerusalem and New York: The Yedwabner Societies in Israel and the United States of America.
- Bikont, Anna (2015) [2004]. The Crime and the Silence: Confronting the Massacre of Jews in Wartime Jedwabne. Translated by Alissa Valles. New York: Farrar, Strauss and Giroux. ISBN 978-0-374-17879-6.
- Browning, Christopher R. (2004). The Origins of the Final Solution: The Evolution of Nazi Jewish Policy, September 1939 – March 1942. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press and Yad Vashem. ISBN 978-0-8032-5979-9.
- Cienciala, Anna M. (2003). "The Jedwabne Massacre: Update and Review". The Polish Review. 48 (1): 49–72. JSTOR 25779370.
- Chodakiewicz, Marek Jan (2001). "Research Before Conclusion: The Problems of Shock Therapy in Jedwabne" (PDF). Glaukopis.
- Chodakiewicz, Marek Jan (2005). The Massacre in Jedwabne, July 10, 1941: Before, During, After. Boulder, CO: East European Monographs, distributed by Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-88033-554-6.
- Crago, Laura (2012). "Jedwabne". In Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Dean, Martin (eds.). Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933–1945. Vol. IIA. Bloomington and Indianapolis: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. pp. 899–902. ISBN 978-0-253-35328-3.
- Gross, Jan T. (2001). Neighbors: The Destruction of the Jewish Community in Jedwabne, Poland. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-14-200240-7.
- Gross, Jan (2003). "Critical Remarks Indeed". In Polonsky, Antony; Michlic, Joanna B. (eds.). The Neighbors Respond: The Controversy over the Jedwabne Massacre in Poland. Princeton: Princeton University Press. pp. 344–370. ISBN 978-0-691-11306-7.
- Holc, Janine P. (Autumn 2002). "Working through Jan Gross's Neighbors". Slavic Review. 61 (3): 454. doi:10.2307/3090294. JSTOR 3090294.
- Holc, Janine P. (Spring 2008). "The Massacre in Jedwabne, July 10, 1941: Before, During, After. By Marek Jan Chodakiewicz". Slavic Review. 67 (1): 202–203. doi:10.2307/27652785. JSTOR 27652785.
- Ignatiew, Rados?aw J. (9 July 2002). "Press release on final findings of investigation S 1/00/Zn into the killing of Polish citizens of Jewish origin in the town of Jedwabne, on 10 July 1941, i.e. pursuant to Article 1 point 1 of the Decree of 31 August 1944". Warsaw: Institute of National Remembrance (IPN). Archived from the original on 3 October 2002.Also in Polonsky, Antony; Michlic, Joanna B., eds. (2003). "Findings of Investigation S1/00/Zn into the Murder of Polish Citizens of Jewish Origin in the Town of Jedwabne on 10 July 1941, pursuant to Article 1 Point 1 of the Decree of 31 August 1944". The Neighbors Respond: The Controversy over the Jedwabne Massacre in Poland. Princeton: Princeton University Press. pp. 133–136. ISBN 978-0-691-11306-7.
- Ignatiew, Rados?aw J. (30 June 2003). "Postanowienie" (PDF). Warsaw: Institute of National Remembrance (IPN). Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 November 2012.
- Kaczyński, Andrzej (2003). "'Burnt Offering', Rzcezpospolita, 5 May 2000". In Polonsky, Antony; Michlic, Joanna B. (eds.). The Neighbors Respond: The Controversy over the Jedwabne Massacre in Poland. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press. pp. 50–59. ISBN 0-691-11306-8.
- Kitchen, Martin (1990). A World in Flames: A Short History of the Second World War. Longman. ISBN 978-0-582-03408-2.
- Lukowski, Jerzy; Zawadzki, Hubert (2019). A Concise History of Poland (Third ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-108-42436-3.
- Machcewicz, Pawe?; Persak, Krzysztof, eds. (2002). Wokó? Jedwabnego. Vol. 1: Studia, 2: Dokumenty. Warsaw: Instytut Pami?ci Narodowej. ISBN 978-8389078087. OCLC 470327322.
- Matth?us, Jürgen (2004). "Operation Barbarossa and the Onset of the Holocaust, June–December 1941". In Browning, Christopher (ed.). The Origins of the Final Solution: The Evolution of Nazi Jewish Policy, September 1939 – March 1942. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. pp. 244–308. ISBN 978-0-8032-5979-9.
- Michlic, Joanna B. (2002). "Coming to Terms with the 'Dark Past': The Polish Debate about the Jedwabne Massacre". Vidal Sassoon International Center for the Study of Antisemitism, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Jerusalem.
- Michlic, Joanna B.; Polonsky, Antony (January 2008). "Letter to the Editor". History. 93 (309): 154–158. doi:10.1111/j.1468-229x.2008.00415.x.
- Michlic, Joanna (2012). "The Jedwabne Debate: Reshaping Polish National Mythology". In Wistrich, Robert (ed.). Holocaust Denial: The Politics of Perfidy. Berlin, Boston and Jerusalem: Walter de Gruyter and Hebrew University Magnes Press. pp. 67–84. ISBN 978-3-11-028814-8.
- Musial, Bogdan (2003). "The Pogrom in Jedwabne: Critical Remarks about Jan T. Gross's Neighbors". In Polonsky, Antony; Michlic, Joanna B. (eds.). The Neighbors Respond: The Controversy over the Jedwabne Massacre in Poland. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press. pp. 304–343. ISBN 0-691-11306-8.
- Nowak-Jezioranski, Jan (2003). "A Need for Compensation". In Polonsky, Antony; Michlic, Joanna B. (eds.). The Neighbors Respond: The Controversy over the Jedwabne Massacre in Poland. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press. pp. 87–92. ISBN 0-691-11306-8.
- Persak, Krzysztof (August 2011). "Jedwabne before the Court: Poland's Justice and the Jedwabne Massacre—Investigations and Court Proceedings, 1947–1974". East European Politics and Societies. 25 (3): 410–432. doi:10.1177/0888325411398915.
- Polak, Joseph A. (Winter 2001). "Exhuming Their Neighbors: A Halakhic Inquiry". Tradition: A Journal of Orthodox Jewish Thought. 35 (4): 23–43. JSTOR 23262406.
- Polonsky, Antony; Michlic, Joanna B., eds. (2003). The Neighbors Respond: The Controversy over the Jedwabne Massacre in Poland. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-11306-8.
- Polonsky, Antony; Michlic, Joanna B., eds. (2003). "Chronology". The Neighbors Respond: The Controversy over the Jedwabne Massacre in Poland. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press. pp. 451–458. ISBN 0-691-11306-8.
- Rosenblatt, Adam (2015). Digging for the Disappeared: Forensic Science after Atrocity. Stanford: Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-8877-9.
- Rosenfeld, Alvin (2002). "Facing Jedwabne". American Jewish Committee. Archived from the original on 24 May 2012.
- Rossino, Alexander B. (2003). "Polish 'Neighbors' and German Invaders: Contextualizing Anti-Jewish Violence in the Bia?ystok District during the Opening Weeks of Operation Barbarossa". In Steinlauf, Michael; Polonsky, Antony (eds.). Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry. Vol. 16. Oxford: Littman Library of Jewish Civilization. pp. 450–471. ISBN 978-1-874774-74-7. OCLC 936831526.
- Shafir, Michael (2012). "Denying the Shoah in Post-Communist Eastern Europe". In Wistrich, Robert (ed.). Holocaust Denial: The Politics of Perfidy. Berlin, Boston and Jerusalem: Walter de Gruyter and Hebrew University Magnes Press. pp. 27–66. ISBN 978-3-11-028814-8.
- Shore, Marci (2005). "Conversing with Ghosts: Jedwabne, Zydokomuna, and Totalitarianism". Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History. 6 (2): 345–374. doi:10.1353/kri.2005.0027.
- Stachura, Peter (April 2007). "Review: The Massacre in Jedwabne, 10 July 1941: Before, During, and After". History. 92 (306): 276–277. doi:10.1111/j.1468-229X.2007.394_31.x.
- Stachura, Peter (6 February 2008). "Jedwabne: A reply to Antony Polonsky & Joanna Michlic" (PDF). Glaukopis. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 May 2017.
- Stokarska, Jadwiga (23 April 2008). "90. posiedzenie Senatu RP [90th session of the Senate of the Republic of Poland]". The Senate of the Republic of Poland. Archived from the original on 18 October 2014.
- Stola, Dariusz (Spring 2003). "Jedwabne: Revisiting the Evidence and Nature of the Crime". Holocaust and Genocide Studies. 17 (1): 139–152. doi:10.1093/hgs/17.1.139. SSRN 2831412.
- Stone, Dan (2010). Histories of the Holocaust. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-956679-2.
- Tec, Nechama (1993). Defiance: The Bielski Partisans. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-509390-2.
- Wasersztajn, Szmul (5 April 1945). "Deposition". Warsaw: Jewish Historical Institute. "Witness Szmul Wasersztajn, written down by E. Sztejman; chairman of the Voivodeship Jewish Historical Commission, M. Turek; freely translated from the Yiddish language by M. Kwater." Collection no. 301 ("Individual Depositions"), document no. 152 (301/152).
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - Wolentarska-Ochman, Ewa (2006). "Collective Remembrance in Jedwabne: Unsettled Memory of World War II in Postcommunist Poland". History and Memory. 18 (1): 152–178. doi:10.2979/his.2006.18.1.152. JSTOR 10.2979/his.2006.18.1.152.
- Wróbel, Piotr (2006a). "Polish-Jewish Relations and Neighbors by Jan T. Gross: Politics, Public Opinion and Historical Methodology". In Hayes, Peter; Herzog, Dagmar (eds.). Lessons and Legacies: The Holocaust in International Perspective, Volume VII. Evanston: Northwestern University Press. pp. 387–399. ISBN 0-8101-2370-3.
- Wróbel, Piotr (2006b). "The Massacre in Jedwabne, July 10, 1941: Before, During, and After". The Sarmatian Review. 26 (3): 1238–1241.
????? ?? ?????
[??????]